Immuno-Oncology Workbook

Oncology Epidemiology: Introduction

Overview of Oncology Epidemiology

Introduction

The Zygote

Oncology Epidemiology: Summary

All Cancers: Death Per 100,000 People

Introduction

The Blastocyst

Introduction

Gastrulation

Introduction

Introduction: Sarcomas

Introduction

Implantation

Conclusions

Melanoma: Conclusions

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Implantation
Gastrulation
Ectodermal Germ Layer
Endodermal Germ Layer
Mesodermal...

Introduction

Embryonic Germ Layer

Bone Sarcoma

Current Treatments: Osteosarcoma - Chemotherapy

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Head and Neck Anatomy

Presentation and Diagnosis

Incidence

Presentation and Diagnosis

Staging

Current Treatment

Palliative Therapy

Current Treatment

Protocols

Bone Sarcoma

Current Treatments: Ewing Sarcoma - Summary

Bone Sarcoma

Foundational Clinical Trials: Osteosarcoma - Survival Rates

Introduction

Introduction: Head and Neck Cancers

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Biopsy

Foundational Clinical Trials

Adjuvant Therapy Trials: IFN-α

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors: Pathogens HPV

Presentation and Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Signs and Symptoms

Presentation and Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Physical Examination

Presentation and Diagnosis

Clinical Presentation: Staging Investigations

Current Treatment

Treatment Overview: Status and Goals

Current Treatment

Treatment Overview: Additional Treatment and Surveillance

Current Treatment

Curative Surgery

Investigational Treatment Strategies

VEGF

Introduction

Introduction: Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas

Bone Sarcoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Osteosarcoma

Bone Sarcoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Cellular Classification - Ewing Sarcoma

Bone Sarcoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Hereditary

Bone Sarcoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Osteosarcoma

Bone Sarcoma

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Clinical Presentation and Evaluation

Bone Sarcoma

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Physical Examination, Imaging and Biopsy

Bone Sarcoma

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: AJCC Staging

Bone Sarcoma

Current Treatments: Chondrosarcoma

Introduction

Introduction: Treatment for Head and Neck Cancers

Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis

Intravasation

Intravasation

Introduction

Endodermal Germ Layer

Introduction

Mesodermal Germ Layer

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Superficial spreading melanoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Prognostic Factors and Survival: Factors and Statistics

Current Treatment

Metastatic Melanoma

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Combination Strategies

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Cellular Classification: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Cellular Classification: Salivary Gland Cancers

Current Treatment

Treatment Overview: Therapies and Treatment

Current Treatment

Radiation Therapy (RT): Complications

Conclusions

Conclusions: Head and Neck Treatment

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: GIST

Bone Sarcoma

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Bone Biopsy

Extravasation

Extravasation

Introduction

Ectodermal Germ Layer

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Cutaneous Melanoma

Current Treatment

Response Rates of the Standard of Care Chemotherapies

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Cellular Classification: Malignant Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Presentation and Diagnosis

Epidemiology

Conclusions

Conclusions: Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Patient Demographics

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Staging

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Metastasis and Early Tumor Progression

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression: Chemotherapy Resistance

Current Treatment

Salivary Gland Cancer

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Vaccines for HNSCC

Bone Sarcoma

Current Treatments: Osteosarcoma - Summary

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

Foundational Clinical Trials

Overview: Clinical Trials in Different Patient Populations

Foundational Clinical Trials

Adjuvant Therapy Trials: ECOG

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Head and Neck Anatomy

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression: Immune System Evasion

Current Treatment

Impact of Disease and Treatment

Current Treatment

Radiation Therapy (RT): Treatment of HNSCC

Current Treatment

Chemotherapy (CTx): Toxicities of Treatment, HNSCC Chemotherapy Agents

Current Treatment

NCCN Treatment Guidelines

Foundational Clinical Trials

Concurrent Chemoradiation Regimens: Incidence of Acute Adverse Events

Foundational Clinical Trials

Induction Chemotherapy: VA Cooperative and RTOG 91-11 Studies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: STS with Painless Mass

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Regional Lymph Nodes

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Imaging

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Soft Tissue Sarcomas Radiotherapy

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: m-TOR

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Targeted Molecular Therapies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Summary of Foundational Studies

Bone Sarcoma

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Bone Sarcomas

Bone Sarcoma

Current Treatments: Ewing Sarcoma - Reccomendation

Bone Sarcoma

Foundational Clinical Trials: Incorporating Ifosfamide

Bone Sarcoma

Foundational Clinical Trials: Ewing Sarcoma

Colonization

Establishment of Metastases

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Genetic Models of HNSCC Progression

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

Current Treatment

Metastatic Melanoma: Biochemotherapy (BCT)

Current Treatment

Summary: Metastatic Melanoma Therapies

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: Combination Regimens

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: Biologics

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: IL-2

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors: Tobacco

Current Treatment

Treatment Overview: Head and Neck Cancers

Current Treatment

Chemotherapy (CTx): Advantages and Recommendations

Current Treatment

HPV-Positive HNSCC

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Investigational Treatment Strategies

TGF Pathway

Foundational Clinical Trials

Radiotherapy Studies

Foundational Clinical Trials

Postoperative Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy

Foundational Clinical Trials

New Targeted Therapies: Targeted Therapies as Single Therapies

Foundational Clinical Trials

Salivary Gland Cancer

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Systemic Individual and Combination Chemotherapeutic Agents

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Desmoid Sarcoma

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Antiangiogenic Therapies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Adjuvant Chemotherapy - GIST

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Resistance to Imatinib

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Bone Sarcoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Cellular Classification - Osteosarcoma

Bone Sarcoma

Current Treatments: Osteosarcoma - Amputation and Survival

Bone Sarcoma

Foundational Clinical Trials: Chondrosarcoma

Circulation

Survival in Circulation

Circulation

Arrest at the Destination

Incidence of Cancer in the U.S.

Overall Incidence

Incidence of Cancer in the U.S.

Recent Trends

Mortality of Cancer in the U.S.

Recent Trends

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Patient Demographics: Geography and Trends

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Ocular Melanoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Melanoma Detection and Location

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Lentigo Maligna Melanoma (LMM)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Acral Lentiginous Melanoma (ALM)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Examination: Lymph Node Involvement

Current Treatment

NCCN Guidelines - Stage III and IV

Current Treatment

Treatment of Early-Stage Primary Melanoma

Current Treatment

Post-Surgical Adjuvant Therapy

Current Treatment

Metastatic Melanoma: Combination and Biologic Therapies

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma:Darthmouth Regimen

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: CVD Regimen

Foundational Clinical Trials

Combination Chemotherapy Trials in Metastatic Melanoma: Stage IV Melanoma

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials: Immunotherapy

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Cellular Classification: Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors: Alcohol and Pathogens

Current Treatment

Chemotherapy (CTx): Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (CRT), Induction Chemotherapy (IC)

Current Treatment

Chemotherapy (CTx): Recurrent, Unresectable, and Metastatic Cancer Chemotherapy

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Overview: Investigational Strategies in the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancers

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Evolution of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Sites of Origin

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Biopsy and Biomarkers

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Staging

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Chemotherapy - Additional Cycles

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Current Treatments: Visceral Disease

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Novel Chemotherapies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Limb-Sparing Surgery

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Surgery and Radiotherapy

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Adjuvant Radiotherapy

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Adjuvant Chemotherapy (SMAC)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Adjuvant Chemotherapy - Survival

Bone Sarcoma

Novel Approaches to Bone Sarcoma

Bone Sarcoma

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Bone Sarcoma

Conclusions and Future Directions

Sarcomas: Conclusions and Future Directions

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Genetic Models of HNSCC Progression
Metastasis and Early Tumor Progression

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Clinical Evaluation: Visual Examination

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Conclusions and Future Directions

Sarcomas: Therapy Key Points

Prevalence of Cancer in the U.S.

Overall Prevalence

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Genetic Models of HNSCC Progression

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Melanoma Risk Factors: Numerous Nevi and Genetics

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Biomarkers

Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer Immunotherapy

Mortality of Cancer in the U.S.

Overall Mortality

Current Treatment

NCCN Guidelines - I IIa, IIb, and IIc

Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer Immunotherapy

Foundational Clinical Trials

Combination Chemotherapy Trials in Metastatic Melanoma

Foundational Clinical Trials

Induction Chemotherapy: TAX 232 and TAX 324 Studies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Genetic Considerations - Frequent Chromosomal Translocations in Sarcoma...

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: Biochemotherapy (BCT)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Genetic Considerations - Germline Mutations

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Clinical Presentation and Diagnoses: Epidemiology and Statistics

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Soft Tissue Sarcoma Investigational Trials

Bone Sarcoma

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Selected Investigational Trials

Bone Sarcoma

Foundational Clinical Trials: Osteosarcoma - Aggressive Preoperative Chemotherapy

Colonization

Cancer Stem Cells

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Melanoma Risk Factors: UV Exposure and Compromised Immune System

Current Treatment

Advanced Stage IV Melanoma: Second-Line Therapy

Foundational Clinical Trials

Primary Melanoma IFN-α Adjuvant Therapy

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: PC Combination Regimen

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: Biochemotherapy and Sequential vs. Concurrent BCT

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Therapeutic Interventions Against Molecular Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Targeting the Molecular Pathways Controlling Tumor Cell Proliferation

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Pro-Apoptotic Agents & Chemosensitization to Overcome Drug Resistance: Chemosensitization

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression: Pathogenesis of HNSCC

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs): Current Treatments

Concepts in Cancer Immunology

Cancer Immunoediting

Innate Immunity

Dendritic Cells and Antitumor Immunity

Innate Immunity

Innate Tumor Immunity: Macrophages

Changes in Adhesion Molecules

Integrins

Matrix Proteolysis

Matrix Metalloproteinases

Colonization

Formation of Pre-metastatic Niches

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: Single-Agent Chemotherapy

Foundational Clinical Trials

Metastatic Melanoma: BCT Pooled Analyses

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Summary of Current and Investigational Agents: Classic Chemotherapeutics and Immunotherapies

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Summary of Current and Investigational Agents: Targeted Agents, Vaccines, and Adoptive Cell Transfer

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials: Targeting Angiogenesis

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials: Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials: Adoptive Cell Therapy

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials: Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Investigational Clinical Trials: Vaccines and New Targeted Therapies

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors: Pathogens, UV Light Occupational and Radiation Exposures

Current Treatment

Radiation Therapy (RT): Radiation Fractionation, IMRT, Brachytherapy

Foundational Clinical Trials

Concurrent Chemoradiation Regimens: Standard of Care

Foundational Clinical Trials

Recurrent Unresectable/Metastatic HNSCC

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

STSs: Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Anatomy and Pathophysiology: Familial Predisposition

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Investigational Treatment Strategies: Novel Routes of Drug Delivery and Combination Therapies

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

Foundational Clinical Trials: Interpretation of Clinical Data

Introduction: Basics of Immunology

Introduction: Basics of Immunology

Incidence of Cancer in the U.S.

Most Common Cancers in Men and Women

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression: Immune Evasion and Immunosuppression, Angiogenesi...

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Prognostic Factors and Survival: Ulceration and Tumor Depth, Lymph Node Involvement

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Targeting the Molecular Pathways Controlling Tumor Cell Proliferation: c-Kit

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Targeting the Molecular Pathways Controlling Tumor Cell Proliferation: Importance of Combination Str...

Foundational Clinical Trials

New Targeted Therapies: Molecular Therapies in HNSCC

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Risk Factors: Diet, Oral Hygiene and Inherited Conditions

Concepts in Cancer Immunology

Cancer Immunosurveillance

Invasion and Metastasis: Summary

Invasion and Metastasis: Summary

Cancer Survival Rates in the U.S.

Overall Cancer Survival Rates

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of Disease Development and Progression: Genetic Mutations and Impact

Immunology of Cancer: Introduction

Immunology of Cancer: Introduction

Concepts in Cancer Immunology

Cancer Immunosurveillance

Childhood and Adolescent Cancers in the U.S.

Incidence of Childhood Cancers

Cancer Immunotherapy

Adoptive T Cell Transfer

Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancer Vaccines

Suppression of Tumor Immunity

Overview of Immunosuppressive Mechanisms

Innate Immunity

Innate Tumor Immunity: Macrophages

Suppression of Tumor Immunity

Evasion of T Cell Recognition or Activation

Investigational Treatment Strategies

Pro-Apoptotic Agents & Chemosensitization to Overcome Drug Resistance: Pro-apoptotic Agents Under In...

Innate Immunity

Innate Tumor Immunity: Natural Killer Cells

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Induction of Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Cytotoxic T Cells (CTLs) and Tumor Cell Killing

Suppression of Tumor Immunity

Evasion of T Cell Recognition or Activation

Changes in Adhesion Molecules

Changes Associated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Investigational Treatment Strategies

c-Kit and HER-2, Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Targeted Therapy Clinical Trials for HNSCC

Innate Immunity

Innate Versus Adaptive Immunity in Antitumor Responses

Invasion and Metastasis: Introduction

Overview of Cancer: Hallmark Capabilities of Cancer

Innate Immunity

Innate Versus Adaptive Immunity in Anti-tumor Responses

Innate Immunity

Dendritic Cells and Anti-tumor Immunity

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Antigen Presentation and T Cell Activation

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

CD4+ T Helper Cells and Tumor Immunity

Innate Immunity

Innate Tumor Immunity: Natural Killer Cells

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Induction of Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Cytotoxic T Cells (CTLs) and Tumor Cell Killing

Cancer Immunotherapy: Adoptive T Cell Transfer

Adoptive T Cell Transfer

Basics of Immunology of Cancer

Cancer Vaccines: Types of Cancer Vaccines

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

Antigen Presentation and T Cell Activation

Adaptive T Cell Immunity

CD4+ T Helper Cells and Tumor Immunity

Suppression of Tumor Immunity

Overview of Immunosuppressive Mechanisms

HPV Testing

Detect mRNA - Detect the Disease

Cervical Cancer Progression Model

Cervical Cancer Progression Model

Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives

Cancer Therapy Principles: Introduction

Cancer Therapy Principles: Overview

Cancer Stem Cells: Definition of Terms

Cancer Stem Cells: Definition of Terms

Cancer Stem Cells: Learning Objectives

Cancer Stem Cells: Learning Objectives

Pathological Angiogenesis: Introduction

Pathological Angiogenesis: Overview

Learning Objectives

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Staging

Performance Status (PS)

Axitinib Targets

Axitinib Targets

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

Growth Factor Receptor Activation

Chemotherapy

Antitumor Antibiotics

Targeted Therapies

Therapies that Target Growth Factor Receptors

Proangiogenic Factors, Processes, and Signaling Pathways

Regulation of Angiogenesis

Lung and Breast Carcinomas

Classification of Lung and Breast Carcinomas

Mechanisms of Molecular Pathogenesis: Introduction

Mechanisms of Molecular Pathogenesis: Overview

Targeted Therapies

Types of Targeted Therapies

Targeted Therapies

Therapies that Target Oncogenic Fusion Proteins

Immunotherapies

CD Protein-Targeted Agents

Hormone Therapy

Anti-Androgens

Overview of Breast Cancer

Symptomatology and Diagnosis of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Chromosomal Translocations

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Aneuploidy

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Drug Resistant Myeloma Cell Phenotype

Clinical Progression

Recurrent Infections

The Mechanism of Action of GnRH Analogs

Strategies to Block Testosterone Release: Castration

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Tumor Nodes Metastasis (TNM) Staging

Overview of Breast Cancer

Staging and Performance Status

Mechanisms of Molecular Pathogenesis: Summary

Mechanisms of Molecular Pathogenesis: Summary

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Lymphomas: Hodgkin Lymphomas

Cancer Stem Cells: Definition of Terms

Models of Tumor Development

Cancer Stem Cells and Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Metastasis

Cancer Stem Cell Signaling

Hedgehog Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Targeting the Notch Pathway: γ Secretase Inhibitors

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Targeting the Notch pathway: Monoclonal Antibodies to Notch Receptors or Ligands

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Additional Therapeutic Agents with Potential Anticancer Stem Cell Activity

Locoregional Therapy

Locoregional Therapy: Purpose

Principles of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy

mTOR Inhibitors

Chemotherapy

Platinum Agents

Targeted Therapies

Therapies that Target Pro-Angiogenic Factors

Immunotherapies

Immunomodulatory Drugs (IMiDs)

Immunotherapies

Vaccines

Hormone Therapy

Aromatase Inhibitors

Cancer Therapy Principles: Summary

Cancer Therapy Principles: Summary

Introduction

Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Myeloma Cell Development

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Mutations

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Myeloma Cell Morphology

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Myeloma Immunophenotype

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Consequences of the Molecular and Cellular Changes

Clinical Progression

Myeloma Disease Progression

Clinical Progression

Hypercalcemia

Clinical Progression

Hypercalcemia: Symptoms

Clinical Progression

Anemia (Low Red Blood Cell Count)

Clinical Progression

Multiple Myeloma

Classification and Staging

Classification of Myeloma

Classification and Staging

Durie-Salmon Subclassifications

Classification and Staging

Treatment Options by Stage

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway

Inositol Triphosphate and Diacylglycerol: Activation and Catalyzation

Temsirolimus Targets

Temsirolimus Targets

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

PI3 Kinase, Rac1 and Cell Migration

Overview of Gastric Cancer

Regional Variations

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Clinical Evaluation of Gastric Cancer

Oncogenes

Introduction to Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes

Systemic Therapy

Systemic Therapy: Purpose

Systemic Therapy

Administration Routes

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

Carcinomas

Classification of Carcinomas Based on Tissue Localization or Invasion

Carcinomas

Classification of Carcinomas Based on Differentiation

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Lymphomas

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Myelomas

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Autonomous Growth Signaling

Carcinomas

Classification of Carcinomas with Mixed Histologies

Cancer Stem Cells: Introduction

Cancer Stem Cells: Introduction

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Evading Immune Destruction

Chemotherapy

Alkylating Agents

Stochastic or Clonal Evolution Model

Stochastic or Clonal Evolution Model

Cancer Stem Cells From Different Tumor Types

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells from Other Tumor Types

Cancer Stem Cell Signaling

Cancer Stem Cells and Self-Renewal Pathways

Cancer Stem Cell Signaling

Wnt Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cell Signaling

Signaling and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Targeting the Hedgehog Pathway

Principles of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy

VEGF Pathway Inhibition

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Reprogramming Energy Metabolism

Targeted Therapies

Therapies that Target Other Intracellular Molecules

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

General Principles of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

Introduction

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

Introduction

Prevalence of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)

Introduction

Myeloma Etiology

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Abnormal Plasma-like Myeloma Cells

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Transforming Mutations

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Angiogenesis

Clinical Progression

Myeloma Cell Growth

Clinical Progression

Bone Pain

Clinical Progression

Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia: Symptoms

Clinical Progression

Renal Failure

Clinical Progression

Hyperviscosity Syndrome

Classification and Staging

Prognosis

Summary

Damaged Plasma Cells

Summary

Myeloma Symptoms

Understanding Mechanisms

Conclusion: Antineoplastic Therapies

Understanding Mechanisms

Introduction

The Mechanism of Action of GnRH Analogs

The Mechanism of Action of GnRH

The Mechanism of Action of GnRH Analogs

Strategies to Block Testosterone Release: Inhibition

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway: Chemical Signal Pathways

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway

Binding GnRH

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway

Activated Receptor

Prostate and Testes Anatomy

Prostate and Testes Anatomy

Agonist and Antagonist Cascade

Agonist and Antagonist Cascade

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody, Avastin Targets

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody

Production of Monoclonal Antibodies in Mammalian Cell Lines

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Activating Mutations of Raf and Ras

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras/PI3 Kinase Signaling

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulation of Cell Cycle Genes

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Akt Signaling and Cell Survival

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

Activation of Ras

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

Akt Signaling and Cell Survival

Staging

TNM Lung Classification System

Structure and Function of the Upper GI Tract

Microanatomy of the Upper GI Tract

Overview of Gastric Cancer

Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer

Types of Gastric Cancer

Types of Gastric Cancer by Histology

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Symptoms Associated with Gastric Cancer

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Biomarkers Used in Gastric Cancer

First-line Treatment Options

Systemic Treatment Options for NSCLC: Targeted Therapy

Additional Treatment Options

First-line Treatment Recommendations Based on Stage and Genotype

Additional Treatment Options

Targeted Therapies in Clinical Trials

Additional Treatment Options

Targeted Therapies in Clinical Trials: Additional Targets

Goals and Types of Therapy

Goals of Therapy

Systemic Therapy

Sequencing of Combination Regimens

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Primary Hallmark Capabilities of Cancer Cells

Carcinomas

Classification of Carcinomas Based on Growth Pattern

Carcinomas

Classification of Carcinomas Based on Secretory Properties

Chemotherapy

Principles of Chemotherapy

Cancer Stem Cells and Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer, Breast Micro-Anatomy

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Therapeutic Options

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Targeting the Wnt Pathway

Tumor Vascularization

Angiogenesis in Cancer

Tumor Vascularization

Abnormalities

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Evasion of Cell Death

Chemotherapy

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Targeted Therapies

Therapies that Target Intracellular Kinases

Immunotherapies

Introduction to Immunotherapies

Immunotherapies

Tumor Cell Therapies

Hormone Therapy

Anti-Estrogens

Hormone Therapy

Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Analogs

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Conditioning

Introduction

Spectrum of Diseases

Classification and Staging

Diagnostic Criteria

Classification and Staging

Staging

Summary

Defining Multiple Myeloma

Understanding Mechanisms

Mechanism of Action

The Mechanism of Action of GnRH Analogs

Mechanism of Testosterone Release

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway: Receptors

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

VEGF Receptor Signaling in Angiogenesis

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

VEGF Production in Angiogenesis

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Activation of Ras

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras Activation of Raf/MEK/ERK

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Akt Signaling and Proliferation

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Activation of Class III Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Jak/Stat Signaling and Gene Transcription

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Tumorigenesis

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

Akt Signaling Activation of mTOR and Proliferation

Structure and Function of the Upper GI Tract

Overview of Digestion

Structure and Function of the Upper GI Tract

Major Organs of the Digestive System

Structure and Function of the Upper GI Tract

Anatomy of the Upper GI Tract

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Tumor Nodes Metastasis (TNM) Stages: Stage 0, Stage I-III, Stage IV

First-line Treatment Options

Introduction: First Time Treatment Options

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Cancer Overview: Introduction

Cancer Overview: Welcome

Sarcomas

Cellular Classification

The Cancer Stem Cell Model

Cancer Stem Cell Model

Origin of the Cancer Stem Cells

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Breast Cancer

Localization and Differentiation of Mammary Stem Cells, Localization of Breast Cancers

Cancer Stem Cells and Breast Cancer

Evidence for Breast Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Main Breast Cancer Subtypes

Cancer Stem Cell Signaling

Notch Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Therapeutic Implications of Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Antibody-Based Targeting of Stem Cell-Associated Markers

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Therapy

Induction of Cancer Stem Cell Differentiation

Locoregional Therapy

Locoregional Therapy: Surgery

Locoregional Therapy

Radiation Therapy

Tumor Vascularization

Intussusceptive Angiogenesis

Tumor Vascularization

Functions of Angiogenesis

Sarcomas

Classification of Sarcomas

Proangiogenic Factors, Processes, and Signaling Pathways

Proangiogenic Processes

Proangiogenic Factors, Processes, and Signaling Pathways

Intracellular Signaling Pathways

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Evasion of Growth Suppressors

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Induction of Sustained Angiogenesis

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Invasion and Metastasis

Chemotherapy

Antimetabolites

Chemotherapy

Microtubule Inhibitors

Immunotherapies

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Hormone Therapy

Rationale and Types

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Structure and Function of the Skin

Introduction

Prevalence of Multiple Myeloma

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Normal B Cell Development

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Adenylate Cyclase Pathway

Inositol Triphosphate and Diacylglycerol: Changes in Cell Function

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Anatomy

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Anatomy

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

VEGF Production in Angiogenesis

Overview of Gastric Cancer

Gastric Cancer Definitions

Overview of Gastric Cancer

Gastric Cancer Epidemiology

Overview of Gastric Cancer

Quality of Life (QOL)

First-line Treatment Options

Other Locoregional Therapies

Disease State

Classification: NSCLC Classification Based on Genomics

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Palliative Care

Systemic Therapy

Combination Regimens

Carcinomas

Classification of Carcinomas Based on Morphologic Characteristics

Origin of the Cancer Stem Cells

The Origin of the Cancer Stem Cells

Experimental Validation of the Cancer Stem Cell Model

Experimental Validation of Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer Stem Cells and Breast Cancer

Origination of Different Breast Cancer Subtypes

Concepts in Cancer Immunology

Cancer Immunoediting

Epigenetic Mechanisms

Epigenetic Mechanisms: Introduction

Primary Cancer Categories

Main Categories of Cancer

Carcinomas

Carcinoma Classification

Tumor Vascularization

Sprouting Angiogenesis

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Autonomous Proliferative Signaling

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Potential for Limitless Replication

Chemotherapy

Toxicities

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy Resistance

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Stem Cell Collection

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Complications

Summary

Defining Multiple Myeloma
Damaged Plasma Cells
Myeloma Symptoms

Epidemiology

Overview of Lung Cancer Epidemiology and Cancer Rates

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

VEGF Receptor Signaling in Angiogenesis
VEGF Production in Angiogenesis

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling
Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulation of Cell Cycle Genes

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Introduction

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Introduction

Disease State

Classification Based on Histology

Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer

Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

Epidemiology

Etiology

First-line Treatment Options

Targeted Therapies: ALK Inhibitors

Additional Treatment Options

Maintenance Therapy

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Treatment Recommendations

Genetic Instability

Chromosomal Instability

Environmental Mechanisms

Environmental Mechanisms: Introduction

Environmental Mechanisms

Viral

Terms and Definitions

Cancer Terminology

Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Myelomas

Classification of Leukemias

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Enabling Characteristics

Sarcomas

Classification of Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Cancer Classification: Introduction

Cancer Classification: Welcome

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Structure of the Epidermis

Understanding Mechanisms

Conclusion: Antineoplastic Therapies
Introduction
Mechanism of Action

Disease State

Classification: Squamous Cell Lung Carcinomas (SCCs)

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

Akt Signaling and Proliferation
Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling
Cyclin Dependent Kinase Regulati...

Types of Gastric Cancer

Stomach Cancer Etiology and Risk Factors

Epidemiology

Risk Factors

First-line Treatment Options

Locoregional Treatment

First-line Treatment Options

Locoregional Treatment: Radiation Therapy

First-line Treatment Options

Systemic Treatment Options for NSCLC

Additional Treatment Options

Second- and Third-line Treatment Recommendations

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Metastatic Disease: Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy

Antibodies and the Immune System

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer: Introduction

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Tumor Suppressor Genes: Introduction

Environmental Mechanisms

Obesity

Carcinomas

Classification Based on Epithelial Cell Type

Proangiogenic Factors, Processes, and Signaling Pathways

Activators of Angiogenesis

Genetic Instability

Genetic Instability: Introduction

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Structure of the Epidermis
Structure and Function of the Skin

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Structure of the Epidermis
Structure and Function of the Skin

Additional Treatment Options

Physician Decision-Making and the Selection of Systemic Therapies for Advanced NSCLC

Prostate Cancer Detection and Signs

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer Staging

Staging into Prognostic Groups

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Localized Disease: Antiandrogens

Lung and Breast Carcinomas

Classification of Breast Carcinomas

Lung and Breast Carcinomas

Classification of Lung Carcinomas

Introduction

Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Interactive Exercise: Cancer Vocabulary
Spectrum of Diseases
Pr...

Clinical Progression

Myeloma Cell Growth
Myeloma Disease Progression
Bone Pain
Hypercalcemia
Hypercal...

Classification and Staging

Classification of Myeloma
Diagnostic Criteria
Interactive Exercise: Myeloma Classification...

Temsirolimus Signal Transduction

Growth Factor Receptor Activation
Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Tumorigenesis
Activa...

First-line Treatment Options

Targeted Therapies: EGFR and VEGF Inhibitors

The Etiology of Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer Staging

The Gleason Grading System

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Pathophysiology of CRC

Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Classification of CNS Tumors

Molecular and Cellular Basis

Abnormal Plasma-like Myeloma Cells
Normal B Cell Development
Myeloma Cell Development

Targets for Cancer Therapies

Breast Cancer: Role of HER Therapies
Dysregulation: Many Causes
Targeted Therapies
Ta...

Prostate Cancer Detection and Signs

Detection of Prostate Cancer: Detection Methods

Identifying Protein Expression

The Right Treatment to the Right Patient at the Right Time
Identifying Protein Expression
...

Prostate Cancer Staging

American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM System

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Metastatic Disease:Recommendations

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Symptoms of CRC

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Deaths from CRC in the United States

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Risk Factors for CRC

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Management of Colorectal Cancer

Management of Colorectal Cancer: Introduction

Prostate Cancer: Introduction

Prostate Cancer: Introduction

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Introduction

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Introduction

Overview of Breast Cancer

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

Overview of Breast Cancer

Classification Based on Gene Expression

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Overview of Systemic Treatment Options for Metastatic Breast Cancer

Sorafenib Signal Transduction

VEGF Receptor Signaling in Angiogenesis
VEGF Production in Angiogenesis
Activation of Ras

Prostate Cancer and Precursor Lesions

Classification of Prostate Cancers

The Etiology of Prostate Cancer

Role of Androgens

The Etiology of Prostate Cancer

Role of Genetic Factors

Anatomy of the Prostate Gland

Location and Function of the Prostate Gland

The Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

United States Statistics

The Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

Global Statistics of Prostate Cancer

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Localized Disease: Standard Treatment Options

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Metastatic Disease

Colorectal Cancer: Introduction

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

Anatomy of the Large Intestine

Overview of Colorectal Cancer

CRC Staging: Primary Tumor Categories

Antibodies and the Immune System

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
Antibody Structure
Antigen Binding
Antibody Product...

Overview of Breast Cancer

Overview of Breast Cancer: Introduction

Overview of Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Subtypes and Classification

Overview of Breast Cancer

Metastatic Breast Cancer: Common Sites and Progression

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Localized Disease: Hormone Therapy

Overview of Breast Cancer

Breast Cancer Subtypes Based on Hormone Receptor Status

Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Targeted Agents Currently Under Development

Management of Colorectal Cancer

Overview of Stage IV (Metastatic) CRC

Prostate Cancer Detection and Signs

Detection of Prostate Cancer: The Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Test

Treatment Options and Guidelines

Treatment Options for Localized Disease: Radiation Therapy

Prostate Cancer Risk Factors

Primary Risk Factors

Management of Colorectal Cancer

Targeted Therapies

Introduction

Introduction

Overview: Angiogenesis

Functions of Angiogenesis

Overview: Angiogenesis

Regulation of Angiogenesis

Overview: Angiogenesis

Regulation of Angiogenesis: Inhibitors

Overview: Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis Process

VEGF

VEGF Family of Cytokines and Receptors

VEGF

VEGF Production

VEGF

MAP Kinase Pathway

VEGF

MAP Kinase Pathway and PI3 Kinase Pathway

Pathological Angiogenesis

Diseases Associated with Uncontrolled Angiogenesis

Pathological Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis in Cancer

Pathological Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis and Cancer: The Angiogenic Switch

Pathological Angiogenesis

Anti-angiogenesic Cancer Therapies

Pathological Angiogenesis

Anti-angiogenesic Cancer Therapies: VEGF Pathway Inhibition

Summary: Angiogenesis

Summary: Angiogenesis

NCCN Guidelines

International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)

NCCN Guidelines

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Therapies for Myelodysplastic Syndromes, International Prognostic Sc...

NCCN Guidelines

Risk Category and Current Treatment Strategies

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Normal Cell

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Cancer Cell

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Receptor Blockers

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Enzyme Inhibitors

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Transcription Repression

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Antisense Molecules

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

DNA-Binding Molecules

The Formation of the G-quadruplex structure

Quadruplex Formation

Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

Transcription

The Formation of the G-quadruplex structure

DNA Alkylation

The Formation of the G-quadruplex structure

Quadruplex Formation

Anemia

Neutropenia
Symptoms of Anemia that Warrant Treatment
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Anem...

NCCN Guidelines

Components of NCCN Guidelines

Anemia

Iron Overload

Anemia

Iron Overload- Chelation Therapy
Determining Which Patients Require Iron Chelation Therapy

Anemia

Iron Overload

Anemia

Neutropenia

Presentation and Diagnosis

Presentation: Asymptomatic and Symptomatic
Presentation: Anemia Classification
Diagnosis: ...

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents

Epidemiology and Incidence

Increasing Incidence with Increasing Age of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Epidemiology and Incidence

Gender and Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Presentation and Diagnosis

Presentation: Asymptomatic and Symptomatic
Presentation: Anemia Classification

Presentation and Diagnosis

Presentation: Asymptomatic and Symptomatic

Summary: Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Defining Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Apoptosis Followed by Proliferation
Summary: Myelodyspl...

Summary: Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Defining Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Classification and Prognosis

Myelodysplastic Syndromes: French-American-British (FAB) Classification

Presentation and Diagnosis

Diagnosis: Blood Laboratory Findings (CBC Differential)

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Normal Hematopoiesis
Normal Hematopoiesis: Pluripotent and...

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abnormal Hematopoiesis: Cytopenia

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Normal Hematopoiesis
Normal Hematopoiesis: Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells
Normal H...

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Normal Hematopoiesis

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Normal Hematopoiesis: Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Normal Hematopoiesis: Amplification of Committed Progenitor Cells

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Normal Hematopoiesis: Factors that Influence Hematopoietic Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and S...

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abnormal Hematopoiesis: Cytopenia
Abnormal Hematopoiesis: Later MDS and Abnormal Blood Cell Mor...

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abnormal Hematopoiesis: Later MDS and Abnormal Blood Cell Morphology

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abnormal Hematopoiesis: Early MDS

Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Abnormal Hematopoiesis: Abnormal Cytogenetics

Presentation and Diagnosis

Presentation: Anemia Classification

Presentation and Diagnosis

Diagnosis: Blood Laboratory Findings (CBC Differential)
Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy
Di...

Presentation and Diagnosis

Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy
Diagnosis: Blood Laboratory Findings and Bone Marrow Biopsy

Presentation and Diagnosis

Bone Marrow Aspirate and Biopsy

Presentation and Diagnosis

Diagnosis: Blood Laboratory Findings and Bone Marrow Biopsy

Presentation and Diagnosis

Diseases to Rule Out During MDS Diagnosis

Epidemiology and Incidence

Prevalence of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Epidemiology and Incidence

Predisposing Causes of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Primary MDS (de novo MDS)

Epidemiology and Incidence

Increasing Incidence with Increasing Age of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Gender and Myelodysplasti...

Epidemiology and Incidence

Incidence of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Epidemiology and Incidence

Is Incidence of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Increasing?

Epidemiology and Incidence

Causes of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Therapy-Related MDS (Secondary MDS)

Classification and Prognosis

Classification and Prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Classification and Prognosis

Myelodysplastic Syndromes: French-American-British (FAB) Classification
Classification and Prog...

Summary: Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Apoptosis Followed by Proliferation

Classification and Prognosis

Myelodysplastic Syndromes: World Health Organization (WHO) Classification

Classification and Prognosis

Myelodysplastic Syndromes: International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)

Summary: Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Summary: Myelodysplastic Syndromes Symptoms

Summary: Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic Syndromes Prognosis by IPSS

Changes in Apoptosis

Changes in Apoptosis
Deficiencies in Circulating Blood Cells
Decreases in Apoptosis as MDS...

Changes in Apoptosis

Changes in Apoptosis

Changes in Apoptosis

Deficiencies in Circulating Blood Cells

Changes in Apoptosis

Decreases in Apoptosis as MDS Progresses

Changes in Apoptosis

Increases in Apoptotic Cytokine Production

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia
Anemia: Ineffective Erythropoiesis
Anemia: Hypoproliferative Erythropoiesis
An...

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia
Anemia: Ineffective Erythropoiesis
Anemia: Hypoproliferative Erythropoiesis
An...

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia: Ineffective Erythropoiesis
Anemia: Hypoproliferative Erythropoiesis
Anemia: Red Bl...

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia: Ineffective Erythropoiesis

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia: Hypoproliferative Erythropoiesis

Cytopenias in MDS

Anemia: Red Blood Cell Loss/Bleeding

Cytopenias in MDS

Neutropenia

Cytopenias in MDS

Neutropenia

Cytopenias in MDS

Neutropenia

Cytopenias in MDS

Thrombocytopenia

Cytopenias in MDS

Thrombocytopenia

Cytopenias in MDS

Thrombocytopenia

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Changes in Apoptosis and Proliferation
Oncogenes
Oncogenes: Small G Proteins (Ras)
On...

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Changes in Apoptosis and Proliferation

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes
Oncogenes: Small G Proteins (Ras)
Oncogenes: Transcription Factors (c-fos, c-myc...

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes: Small G Proteins (Ras)

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes: Transcription Factors (c-fos, c-myc)

Gene Silencing: DNA Methylation

Epigenetic Changes: DNA Methylation
CpG Islands and Histones Deacetylases
Genes Affected b...

Gene Silencing: DNA Methylation

Epigenetic Changes: DNA Methylation

Gene Silencing: DNA Methylation

CpG Islands and Histones Deacetylases

Gene Silencing: DNA Methylation

Genes Affected by Methylation in MDS: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Gene Silencing: DNA Methylation

Genes Affected by Methylation in MDS: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Gene Silencing: DNA Methylation

Genes Affected by Methylation in MDS

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes
Chromosomes: Number and Structure
Interactive Activity: Chromosomes - Number a...

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes
Chromosomes: Number and Structure
Interactive Activity: Chromosomes - Number a...

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes: Number and Structure
Interactive Activity: Chromosomes - Number and Structure

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes: Number and Structure

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes: Karyotyping

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes: Mitosis

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosome Abnormalities: Translocations and Inversions
Interactive Activity: Chromosomes Abnor...

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosome Abnormalities: Translocations and Inversions

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosome Abnormalities: Aneuploidy

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Chromosomes: Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) Testing

Cytogenetic Subgroups in MDS

Cytogenetic Subgroups in MDS

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Clonality and Karyotypic Evolution

Chromosome Abnormalities in MDS

Molecular Models for Chromosome Abnormalities

NCCN Guidelines

Risk Category and Current Treatment Strategies
Components of NCCN Guidelines
Therapeutic A...

NCCN Guidelines

NCCN Guidelines

NCCN Guidelines

International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)

NCCN Guidelines

Therapeutic Approaches for MDS Treatment

NCCN Guidelines

Classification and Prognosis

NCCN Guidelines

Classification and Prognosis: French-American-British (FAB)

NCCN Guidelines

Classification and Prognosis: French-American-British (FAB)

NCCN Guidelines

Classification and Prognosis: French-American-British (FAB)

NCCN Guidelines

Classification and Prognosis: French-American-British (FAB)

NCCN Guidelines

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Therapies for Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myelodysplastic Syndromes: ...

NCCN Guidelines

International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Therapies for My...

NCCN Guidelines

International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)

Hypomethylating Agents

Mechanism of DNA Methylation
Gene Silencing Following DNA Methylation
Hypomethylating Agen...

Anemia

Symptoms of Anemia that Warrant Treatment

Anemia

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), Anemia, Supportive Care for Anemia

Anemia

Red Blood Cell Transfusion

Anemia

Red Blood Cell Transfusion

Hypomethylating Agents

Mechanism of DNA Methylation

Hypomethylating Agents

DNA Methylation

Anemia

Red Blood Cell Transfusion

Hypomethylating Agents

Gene Silencing Following DNA Methylation

Hypomethylating Agents

Gene Silencing Following DNA Methylation

Hypomethylating Agents

Gene Silencing Following DNA Methylation

Anemia

Iron Overload
Iron Overload- Chelation Therapy
Determining Which Patients Require Iron Che...

Anemia

Iron Overload-Organ Toxicity

Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation
Bone Marrow Transplantation: Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Anemia

Iron Overload-Organ Toxicity

Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Anemia

Iron Overload-Organ Toxicity

Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation: Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation: Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Anemia

Iron Overload- Chelation Therapy

Anemia

Determining Which Patients Require Iron Chelation Therapy

Anemia

Anemia and Hematopoietic Growth Factors: Erythroid Stimulating Agents (ESAs)

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents

Summary

Treatment Decisions

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Proposed Mechanism of Action
Lenalidomide: Overview
Lenalidomide: Indication...

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Proposed Mechanism of Action

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Overview

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Indications

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Dosage and Administration

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Boxed Warnings

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Clinical Studies

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Adverse Reactions

Anatomy

Testosterone and Estrogen

Anatomy

Uterine Fibroids

Anatomy

Testosterone and Estrogen
Uterine Fibroids
Prostate Cancer
Endometriosis
Product...

Anatomy

Prostate Cancer

Introduction: Neurocrine GnRH

Introduction: Neurocrine GnRH

Anatomy

Endometriosis

Anatomy

Production of Hormones

Science Normal Hormone Cascade

GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)

Agonist and Antagonist Cascade

GnRH Block Signaling
Release of LH/FSH
Antagonist-Based Therapies

Agonist and Antagonist Cascade

GnRH Block Signaling

Agonist and Antagonist Cascade

Release of LH/FSH

Agonist and Antagonist Cascade

Antagonist-Based Therapies

Summary: Cytopenias in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Apoptosis and Cytopenias

Summary: Cytopenias in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Treatment for Anemia: Transfusion

Summary: Cytopenias in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Transfusion and Iron Overload: Pros and Cons

Summary: Cytopenias in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Transfusion and Iron Overload: Iron Chelators

Summary: Cytopenias in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes: Tyrosine Kinases

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes: Tyrosine Kinases

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes: Tyrosine Kinases

Mutations in Genes Responsible for Cell Proliferation

Oncogenes: Transcription Factors (c-fos, c-myc)

Pharmacological Approaches

Pharmacological Approaches for MDS Treatment