Chronic Kidney Disease

Treatment: Delay Disease Progression

Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Disease Course and Natural History

Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

Diagnosis: Estimation of GFR

Introduction to Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease: Signs and Symptoms

Introduction to Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction to Kidney Disease

Kidney Disease State

Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease

Complications of CKD

Introduction to Kidney Disease

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)

Summary: Chronic Kidney Disease

Summary: Chronic Kidney Disease

Diabetic Nephropathy

Description: Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)

Diabetic Nephropathy

Kidney Disease Treatment: Goals and Components

Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

Diagnosis: Patient History, Physical Examination and Urinalysis

Introduction to Kidney Disease

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN): Signs, Symptoms and Mortality

Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

Diagnosis: Ultrasound Imaging and Laboratory Tests

Diabetic Nephropathy

Disease Course and Natural History

Diabetic Nephropathy

Pathophysiology

Diabetic Nephropathy

Tubular Pathophysiology

Renal Replacement Therapy

Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)

Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic Nephropathy: Etiology

Diabetic Nephropathy

Treatment Components: Statins, Lovastatin and Ezetimibe

Introduction: Nephrology

Introduction: Nephrology

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

What Is the Role of Iron?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

What Happens When Kidneys Don't Work?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

What's the Role of Blood?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Where Do Red Blood Cells Come From?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

What Are Red Blood Cells?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

How Do Red Blood Cells Carry Oxygen?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

How Can the Production of RBCs Be Increased in People with CKD?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

How Can I Tell If I Have Anemia?

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Why Do Symptoms Occur?

Summary and Knowledge Check

Summary: Kidney Function

Introduction: Kidney Function

Introduction: Kidney Function

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Hormonal Control of Osmoregulation and Vasodilators

Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

How Can I Tell If I Have Anemia?
Why Do Symptoms Occur?
What's the Role of Blood?

Measures of Kidney Function

Measures of Kidney Function

Anatomical Features of the Kidney

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus and Renal Microvasculature

Additional Functions of the Kidney

Regulation of Blood pH

Anatomical Features of the Kidney

Renal Vasculature

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Selective Reabsorption: Renal and Proximal Tubules

Measures of Kidney Function

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Anatomical Features of the Kidney

The Kidneys and Histologic Layers

Anatomical Features of the Kidney

Nephrons and Renal Corpuscle

Additional Functions of the Kidney

Additional Functions of the Kidney

Additional Functions of the Kidney

Glucose Homeostasis

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Excretion and Glomerular Filtration

Measures of Kidney Function

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Estimates

Measures of Kidney Function

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Direct Measurement

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Sodium and Potassium Pump, Loop of Henle and Renal Tubule

Anatomical Features of the Kidney

Renal, Proximal, Distal Convoluted Tubules, Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct

Measures of Kidney Function

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Urine Protein, and Possible Causes of Proteinurina

Introduction

Introduction

Kidney

Kidney Function in Diabetes

Kidney Function: GFR

Measure of Kidney Function

Pathophysiology

Nephropathy

Introduction: Pathology of Diabetes Complications

Acute Diabetes Complications

Microvascular Complications

Diabetic Neuropathy

Management

Goals of Treatment

Study Population

Drug Elimination

Antibodies to dsDNA in Lupus Renal Disease

dsDNA Antibodies in Lupus Renal Disease

Antibody Production

Antibody Production

Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Failure of Vital Organs

Lupus Introduction

Lupus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Historical Context
Symptoms of Lupus

Epidemiology of Diabetes

Impact of Diabetes

Management of Hypertension in Special Populations

Management of Hypertension in Special Populations

Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Symptoms and Risk

Causes of Secondary Hypertension

Causes of Secondary Hypertension

Additional PK Parameters

Renal (Kidney) Clearance

Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Target Organ Damage

Target Organ Damage

Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Autoimmune Disorders

Introduction: Autoimmune Disorders: Affects Almost Any Part of the Body

Forms of Lupus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Anatomy and Physiology of Diabetes

Introduction: Anatomy and Physiology of Diabetes

Physiology

Protein Production

Microvascular Complications

Diabetic Nephropathy: Risk Factors, Treatment

Additional PK Parameters

Clearance (CL)
Hepatic (Liver) Clearance
Renal (Kidney) Clearance

Introduction to Low Back Pain

Local vs Referred

Lupus Pathogenesis

Pathogenic Autoantibodies in SLE

Physiology

Elimination and Detoxification

Management of Hypertension

Drug Combinations

Clinical Manifestations

Associated Diseases

Additional PK Parameters

Clearance (CL)
Clearance (CL)
Hepatic (Liver) Clearance
Renal (Kidney) Clearance

Forms of Lupus

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE)
Forms of Lupus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Resistant Hypertension

Types of Hypertension

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Complications

Overview of Aspirin and Stroke

Overview of Aspirin and Stroke

Autoimmune Disease Examples

Interactivity: Autoimmune Diseases

Management of Hypertension

Hypertension Management Guidelines

Epidemiology of Diabetes

Impact of Diabetes
Effect of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity on Quality of Life Score
Diabetic...

Heart Failure: Treatments

Overview
Prevention
Treatment Guidelines
Intervention - Medications
ACE Inhibito...

Overlapping Diseases

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

Aspirin and Primary Stroke Prevention

Recommendations: Low Dose Aspirin

Epidemiology and Natural History

Natural History

Epidemiology

Epidemiology

Pathological Angiogenesis

Diseases Associated with Uncontrolled Angiogenesis

Stroke Prevention Key Concepts

Summary: Stroke Prevention Key Concepts

Clinical Progression

Myeloma Cell Growth
Myeloma Disease Progression
Bone Pain
Hypercalcemia
Hypercal...

Technique: On-pump vs. Off-pump

Different Bypass Procedures

Autoimmune Disease Examples

Autoimmune Diseases
Interactive Exercise: Immunology Terms
Interactivity: Autoimmune Disea...

Conditions Causing Low Back Pain

Causes of Low Back Pain
Trauma
Herniated Disc
Arthritis
Infections
Tumors

Introduction to Low Back Pain

Introduction to Low Back Pain
Acute vs Chronic
Nociceptive vs Neuropathic
Local vs Re...

Additional PK Parameters

Apparent Volume of Distribution (V)
Interactive exercise: Volume of Distribution
Interacti...

Classification and Staging

Classification of Myeloma
Diagnostic Criteria
Interactive Exercise: Myeloma Classification...

Environmental Mechanisms

Obesity

Heart Failure: Diagnostic Tools/Biomarkers

Physical Examination
Routine Laboratory Testing
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Chest X-Ray

Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal Antibody Production

Introduction to Monoclonal Antibodies

Antibodies as Therapy
Early Antibody Therapy: Polyclonal Antibodies
Hybridoma Technology: ...

Pathogenesis of Primary Osteoporosis

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Progression and Hormonal Changes

Pathology of T2DM

Insulin Resistance: Hepatic (Liver)
Decreased Glucose Uptake (Muscle)
Decreased Insulin Se...

Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal Antibody Production
Monoclonal Antibody Production: Knowledge Check

Management of Hypertension

Medications

Diabetes Annotations

Jardiance

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

Efficacy and Safety: SHARP (Study of Heart and Renal Protection - 2011)

Typical Clinical Course

Organ Systems Involved

Organs Affected by Diabetes

Organs Affected by Diabetes

Fabry Disease : Overview

Common Clinical Manifestations: Renal

Autoimmune Disease Processes

Consequences of Autoimmune Diseases: The Natural History of Autoimmune Disorders

Organs Affected by Diabetes

Organs Affected by Diabetes
Eyes
Kidneys
Peripheral Nervous System
Heart
Ce...

Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium in the Body
Calcium Homeostasis
Control of Calcium Homeostasis

Monitoring

Compliance Toxicities
Patient Compliance
Toxicity

Monitoring

Toxicity

Calcium Homeostasis

Control of Calcium Homeostasis

Bone Function

Calcium Homeostasis

Autoimmune Disease Processes

The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease: Lifestyle Factors

Overview of Obesity

Benefits of Modest Weight Loss

Autoimmune Disease Processes

The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease
The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease: Genetic Factors (Risk)

Autoimmune Disease Processes

The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease
The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease: Genetic Factors (Risk)

Complications of RA

Major Organs Affected by RA

Psoriatic Arthritis Therapies

Symptomatic Treatment
Symptomatic Treatment: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Psoriatic Arthritis Therapies

Symptomatic Treatment: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Autoimmune Disease Processes

Consequences of Autoimmune Diseases: Common Autoimmune Diseases

Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance

The Breakdown of Tolerance: Molecular Mimicry

Autoimmune Disease Processes

Consequences of Autoimmune Diseases: Progression and Destruction in Autoimmune Disorders (Mechanisms...

Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies

Cytotoxic Agents

Introduction to Immunopathology

Organ Transplant Rejection: Class I MHC and Class II MHC Proteins
Organ Transplant Rejection: H...

Overview of Obesity

Overweight/Obese Defined
Body Mass Index
Waist Circumference and Obesity
Cause of Obe...

SLE Treatments: NSAIDs

Main Types of NSAIDs

SLE Treatments: NSAIDs

Main Types of NSAIDs
Mode of Action
Indicated for Use in SLE

NSAIDs

Introduction: NSAIDs

Non-biologic DMARDs: Methotrexate

Safety Issues and Side Effects

Overview of Obesity

Health Consequences of Overweight and Obesity

Mitochondrial Mutations

Mitochondrial Mutations

Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance

Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance
The Breakdown of Tolerance: Molecu...

Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance

Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance
The Breakdown of Tolerance: Molecu...

Standard Agents: Therapeutic Challenges

Enoxaparin: Contraindications and Dalteparin: Warnings and Precautions

Guidelines for Anticoagulant Venous Thromboembolism Therapy

Venous Thromboembolism Treatment: Complications or Comorbidities

Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies

Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies
Traditional Immunosuppressive Agents
Corticosteroi...

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity Disorders

Currently Approved Therapies: Tysabri

Tysabri

Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies

Fungal or Bacterial Derivatives

Pathophysiology of Male Hypogonadism

Overview: Male Hypogonadism

Standard Agents: Therapeutic Challenges

Therapeutic Challenges of Antithrombotic Treatment

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents

Emerging Hypotheses on Treatment

Emerging Hypotheses on Treatment: Myelination-Targeted Antibodies
Cell Therapy
Human Stem ...

Heart Failure: Treatments

Intervention - Medications
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
β-Blocke...

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide: Proposed Mechanism of Action
Lenalidomide: Overview
Lenalidomide: Indication...

Hypomethylating Agents

Mechanism of DNA Methylation
Gene Silencing Following DNA Methylation
Hypomethylating Agen...

Hypomethylating Agents

Hypomethylating Agents